Answer:
a) 1.92
b) 3.25
c) 1.5
d) -5.23
Step-by-step explanation:
We are provided with the following in the question:
4, 7, -1, 1, 0, 5, -2, 2, -1, 6, 5, -3
a) mean change score

b) standard deviation for the population
where
represents data points,
is the average, and n denotes the count of observations.
Sum of squared deviations = 126.92

c) median change score
Arranged data: -3, -2, -1, -1, 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7
Median equal to

d) change score that is 2.2 standard deviations lower than the mean.