Dissolving NaOH(s) in water is exothermic. Two calorimetry experiments are set up. Experiment 1: 2 g of NaOH are dissolved in 10

Answer:

By reducing the height of the center of gravity of the object in relation to its center of buoyancy

Explanation:

In the field of hydrostatics, for a floating object, the state of equilibrium corresponds to either a peak or a trough in potential energy. Stability in equilibrium occurs when the potential energy is minimized. Achieving a lower position of the center of gravity of the floating object compared to its center of buoyancy creates a stable equilibrium arrangement.

Answer: The complete balanced chemical equation is,

Explanation:

A chemical equation represents the reactants on the left and the products on the right, separated by a right-pointing arrow indicating the reaction.

This representation includes the phases of the substances and uses subscripts and superscripts for numbers.

For the reaction given, the balanced chemical equation with phases is:

Question 1.

The accurate statement is " Aluminium, as it belongs to group 13 and contains three valence electrons. The Lewis dot structure illustrates the number of valence electrons in a single atom. By referencing the periodic table, we identify the element based on its valence electrons. Indeed, aluminium possesses 3 valence electrons and is located in Group 13 of the periodic table.

Question 2.

The correct count is 5. The outer layer of electrons is termed the valence shell, containing what we refer to as valence electrons. Here, the outermost shell corresponds to n=3, meaning all electrons in this layer are classified as valence electrons. While we do have subshells (3s and 3p), they indicate the spatial region where an electron may be located but do not clarify valence.

Question 3.

Chlorine possesses 7 valence electrons, Neon has 8 valence electrons, Phosphorus contains 5 valence electrons, Sulfur has 6 valence electrons. The position of an element in the periodic table aids in determining its electron configuration, and the group number provides insights into the number of valence electrons. By merely checking the periodic table's group number, we can ascertain the valence electrons.

Question 4.

The assertion is True. As atomic orbitals fill, the energy levels extend farther from the nucleus. The outermost orbital capable of being filled with electrons is known as the valence shell, and the electrons within are termed valence electrons. This characteristic defines the reactivity of particular elements.

Question 5.

The atom with the electron configuration contains an unpaired electron in its 3s orbital, rendering it unstable. Meanwhile, the element with 7 valence electrons requires just one additional electron to complete its octet. Therefore, the atom loses an electron to bond with the element holding 7 valence electrons. Consequently, the element acquires a positive charge, while the one with 7 valence electrons becomes negatively charged, leading to the formation of an ionic bond.

Response:

K = 6.5 × 10⁻⁶

Detailed Explanation:

C₅H₆O₃ ⇄ C₂H₆ + 3CO

Apply PV=nRT to determine the initial pressure of C₅H₆O₃

P (2.50) = (0.0493) (0.08206) (473)

P = 0.78atm

C₅H₆O₃ ⇄ C₂H₆ + 3CO

0.78atm      0           0

0.78 - x        x           3x

1.63atm = 0.78 - x + x + 3x

P(total) = 0.288atm

C₅H₆O₃ = 0.78 - 0.288

             = 0.489atm

C₂H₆ = 0.288atm

CO = 0.846atm

     = 0.379

   = 6.5 × 10⁻⁶