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3 months ago

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t-Butyl alcohol (TBA) is an important octane enhancer that is used to replace lead additives in gasoline [Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.,

27, 2224 (1988)]. TBA was produced by the liquid-phase hydration (W) of isobutene (I) over an Amberlyst-15 catalyst. The system is normally a multiphase mixture of hydrocarbon, water, and solid catalysts. However, the use of cosolvents or excess TBA can achieve reasonable miscibility. The reaction mechanism is believed to be

1 answer:

alisha [2.9K]3 months ago

5 0

The production mechanism for t-butyl alcohol proceeds as follows:

The reaction and corresponding rate law for isobutene adsorption on the Amberlyst-15 catalyst can be described by:

I + S ⇄ I * S $-r_{ADI} = k_I(C_1C_v-\frac{C_{I.S}}{K_I} )$

where $C_V$ represents the concentration of unoccupied sites

$K_I$ denotes the adsorption equilibrium constant

$k_I$ indicates the forward rate constant

$C_I,C_{I.S}$ are the concentrations of isobutene and the site occupied by isobutene

The equation for the adsorption of water (W) onto the Amberlyst-15 catalyst is outlined as:

W + S ⇄ W.S $-r_{ADW} = k_W(C_WC_V-\frac{C_{W.S}}{K_W} )$

The surface reaction's rate law can be described as:

W.S + I.S ⇄ TBA. S + Sn $-r_s = k_s(C_{W.S}C_{I.S}-\frac{C_{TBA.S}C_V}{K_s} )$

The desorption rate law for TBA from the catalyst is as follows:

TBA. S ⇄ TBA + S $-r_{D TBA} = k_{DTBA}(C_{TBA.S}-\frac{C_{TBA}C_V}{K_{DTBA}} )$

The image included below illustrates the rest of the steps.

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1) To express 0.89% m/v, it equals 0.89 grams of NaCl per 100 ml of solution.

This corresponds to 8.9 grams of NaCl in 1000 ml of solution, or 8.9 grams in 1 liter.

2) Molarity is represented as M = moles of solute / liters of solution.

Thus, we need to determine the moles in 8.9 grams of NaCl.

3) The molar mass of NaCl is calculated as 23.0 g/mol + 35.5 g/mol = 58.5 g/mol.

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3 months ago

Acetone major species present when dissolved in water

Alekssandra [3086]

The compound is acetone ( CH₃-CO-CH₃)

Explanation:

1) Acetone is represented as CH₃-CO-CH₃.

2) This is a molecule formed by covalent bonds.

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In contrast, ionic compounds ionize. For example, when NaCl dissolves in water, it completely breaks down into ions, hence the predominant species are the ions Na⁺ and Cl⁻, rather than the NaCl formula.

This leads to the conclusion that: when acetone dissolves in water, the primary components are the acetone molecules (there is no need to mention that water molecules are in the solution, as that isn't the question's focus).

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