1. τbiceps = +(Positive)
2. τforearm = -(Negative)
3. τball = -(Negative)
Explanation:
The attached figure illustrates the following: 1. For the biceps, τbiceps indicates that torque is calculated as Torque = r x F, where r and F are vectors. Here, r corresponds to the vector from the elbow to the biceps. In the figure, the force from the biceps is directed upwards. Applying the right-hand rule from r to F results in counterclockwise torque, which is considered positive (+).
2. The torque related to the weight of the forearm, τforearm, uses the same torque formula, with r being the vector from the elbow to the forearm. The weight acts downward, causing a clockwise torque that is negative (-).
3. Similarly, for the weight of the ball, τball, the downward force from the ball's weight generates a clockwise torque, which also registers as negative (-).
