The appropriate choice is C.
In physics, the law of gravity helps us understand how gravity varies with height. As altitude increases, so too does the experience of gravity. Changes in altitude also result in variations in weight, though these differences are not particularly significant. Consequently, weighing metals at different heights shows negligible variance as the impact of gravity remains constant across them.
Response:
(a) 
(b) 
Clarification:
Greetings.
(a) In this case, since the starting volume is 18.5 dm³ and the ending volume is 21 dm³ (18.5 +2.5), we can calculate the work at constant pressure as shown below:

This value is negative as it expands against the given pressure.
(b) Furthermore, if the process is conducted reversibly, the pressure might change, hence, we need to calculate the work using:

The moles are calculated based on the provided mass of argon:

Consequently, the work amounts to:

Best regards.
Response:
C. vx
F. ax
G. ay
Clarification:
The projectile follows a curved trajectory toward the ground, causing changes in x and y positions.
Since there is no external force acting in the x-direction, the acceleration in x remains at zero. Consequently, ax and vx remain unchanged.
The projectile is subject to the force of gravity, directed downwards, leading to an increase in its velocity due to the rise in its y-component.
Meanwhile, the y-component of acceleration remains constant due to gravitational acceleration.
Response:
U = 12,205.5 J
Clarification:
To determine the internal energy of an ideal gas, use the following equation:
(1)
U: internal energy
R: ideal gas constant = 8.135 J(mol.K)
n: number of moles = 10 mol
T: the temperature of the gas = 100K
Substituting the parameter values into equation (1):

The overall internal energy for 10 moles of Oxygen at 100K is 12,205.5 J