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4 months ago

Why do you think sodium bicarbonate is included to neutralize an acidic spill rather than sodium hydroxide?

Chemistry

1 answer:

alisha [2.9K]4 months ago

8 0

Answer:

Sodium bicarbonate should be used to neutralize acid spills, followed by cleanup with a sponge or paper towel.

Explanation:

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2 months ago

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26.2 g piece of copper metal is heated from 21.5°C to 201.6°C. Calculate the amount of heat absorbed by the metal. The specific

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2 months ago

66.667 mL of 3.000 M H2SO4 (aq) solution was neutralized by the stoichiometric amount of 4.000 M Al(OH)3 solution in a coffee cu

eduard [2782]

Answer:

$\large \boxed{\Delta_{\textbf{r}}H =\text{-4600 J$\cdot$ mol}^{-1}}$

Explanation:

This scenario is unrealistic since Al(OH)₃ is not soluble in water.

The question consists of two parts:

A. Stoichiometry — where we determine volumes, masses, and moles for the products

B. Calorimetry — where we assess the enthalpy of the reaction.

A. Stoichiometry

1. Determine the volume of Al(OH)₃

(a) The balanced chemical equation:

2Al(OH)₃ + 3H₂SO₄ ⟶ Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 6H₂O

M/V: 66.667

c/mol·L⁻¹: 4.000 3.000

(b) Moles of H₂SO₄

$\rm \text{66.667 mL H$_{2}$}SO_{4} \times \dfrac{\text{3.000 mmol H$_{2}$SO}_{4}}{\text{1 mL H$_{2}$SO}_{4}} = \text{200.00 mmol H$_{2}$SO}_{4}$

(c) Moles of Al(OH)₃

The molar ratio stands at 2 mmol Al(OH)₃: 3 mmol H₂SO₄

$\text{Moles of Al(OH)}_{3} = \text{200.00 mmol of H$_{2}$SO}_{4} \times \dfrac{\text{2 mmol Al(OH)}_{3}}{\text{3 mmol H$_{2}$SO}_{4}}\\\\= \text{133.33 mmol Al(OH)}_{3}$

(d) Volume of Al(OH)₃

$\text{Moles of Al(OH)}_{3} = \text{200.00 mmol of H$_{2}$SO}_{4} \times \dfrac{\text{1 mL Al(OH)}_{3}}{\text{4 mmol H$_{2}$SO}_{4}} = \text{50.000 mL Al(OH)}_{3}$

B. Calorimetry

This reaction has two energy exchanges.

q₁ = heat from the reaction

q₂ = heat used to heat the calorimeter

q₁ + q₂ = 0

nΔH + mCΔT = 0

Data:

Moles of Al₂(SO₄)₃ = 0.066 667 mol

C = 1.10 J°C⁻¹g⁻¹

T_initial = 22.3 °C

T_final = 24.7 °C

Calculations

(a) Mass of solution

Assume solutions are as dense as water (though not realistic).

Mass of sulfuric acid solution = 66.667 g

Mass of aluminium hydroxide solution = 50.000

TOTAL = 116.667 g

(b) ΔT

ΔT = T_final - T_initial = 24.7 °C - 22.3 °C = 2.4°C

(c) ΔH

$\begin{array}{ccccl}n\Delta H & +& mC \Delta T& = &0\\\text{0.066 667 mol }\times \Delta H& + & \text{116.667 g} \times 1.10 \text{ J$^{\circ}$C$^{-1}$g$^{-1}$} \times 2.4 \, ^{\circ}\text{C} & = & 0\\0.066667 \Delta H \text{ mol} & + & \text{310 J} & = & 0\\&&0.066667 \Delta H \text{ mol} & = & \text{-310 J} & & \\\end{array}\\$

$\begin{array}{ccccl}& &\Delta H & = & \dfrac{\text{-310 J}}{\text{0.066667 mol}}\\\\& &\Delta H & = & \textbf{-4600 kJ/mol}\\\end{array}\\\large \boxed{\mathbf{\Delta_{\textbf{r}}H} =\textbf{-4600 J$\cdot$ mol}^{\mathbf{-1}}}$

This result appears nonsensical, but it is derived from your given figures.

6 0

3 months ago