Answer:
19.62 ms
Explanation:
t = Time taken = 2 s
u = Initial velocity
v = Final velocity
s = Displacement
a = Acceleration due to gravity = 9.81 m/s² (we take downward direction as positive)
Using the equations of motion
The pebble's speed upon contact with the water is 19.62 ms
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Objects in vertical motion are an illustration of non-uniform motion. At the peak of the circle, centripetal force is balanced by the object's weight. Therefore, the minimum speed required at this top point is given by v =

=

= 5.23 m/s. As the sphere descends from the top to the bottom of the circle, according to the law of conservation of energy, potential energy can be expressed as

, where h signifies the diameter of the circle (2r). Hence, the expression will be written as

where u is the velocity at the lowest point. Consequently, the modified equation is
= 
= 
= 11.71 m/s. The collision of the dart with the bullet is an inelastic one. According to the conservation of momentum: v = 
= 
= 
= 58.55 m/s. Thus, the dart's minimum initial speed for the combined system to complete a circular loop post-collision is 58.55 m/s.
Answer:
529.15 m/s
Explanation:
h = Highest point = 70000 m
g = Gravitational acceleration = 2 m/s²
m = Sulfur's mass
Since both potential and kinetic energies are conserved

The velocity at which the liquid sulfur exited the volcano is 529.15 m/s