The torque resulting from a force is expressed as τ= F r into the blade.
The force's moment is mathematically represented as τ = F x r, where the bold terms signify vectors. We can express this in terms of magnitude as τ = F r sin θ. In our scenario, since the force is tangential to the wheel, the angle between F and the radius is 90º, with sin 90 = 1. Hence, τ= F r.
The torque's direction can be determined using the right-hand rule, where fingers curling in accordance with the torque direction from force to radius, with the thumb indicating the torque's direction.
For a clockwise rotation, the fingers curl in that direction, and the thumb points inward toward the blade, indicating the direction of the torque.
Galileo's contributions to the solar system model include: Data indicating that planets reflect sunlight like the Moon, and his observations of Jupiter's moons orbiting the gas giant. With the assistance of an early telescope that he constructed, Galileo made these two significant discoveries.
