The formula for Molarity is given by:
M = moles / V
To isolate V,
V = moles / M ------------------(1)
Moles can also be calculated as:
moles = mass / M.mass -------------(2)
Substituting the value of moles from equation 2 into equation 1 yields:
V = (mass / M.mass) / M
Plugging in the numbers gives:
V = (45 g / 164 g/mol) / 1.3 mol/dm³
V = 0.21 dm³.
The classification is
disaccharide.
<span>Lactose qualifies as a disaccharide since it's made up of two monosaccharides, which are simple sugars (glucose and galactose). Disaccharides constitute a subgroup of carbohydrates, and besides lactose, other common examples include sucrose and maltose.</span>
According to the Law, the variation in internal energy (U) of the system is equal to the total of the heat added to the system (q) plus the work performed ON the system (W)
<span>ΔU = q + W </span>
<span>In response to the first question, 0.653 kJ of heat energy is extracted from the system (balloon) while 386 J of work is applied to the balloon, leading to </span>
<span>ΔU = -653J + 386J </span>
<span>=-267J </span>
<span>Thus, the internal energy reduces by 267 J </span>
<span>For the second question, 322 J of heat is supplied to the system (gold bar) while no work is undertaken on the gold bar, marking this as an isochoric/isovolumetric process, thus </span>
<span>ΔU = 322J + 0 </span>
<span>=322J </span>
<span>Hence, internal energy rises by 322 J</span>
