(1.) 163.26 g/mol, C11H17N

Answer:

The final temperature of the entire water mixture, once all the ice has melted, stands at 12.9°C. It’s crucial to understand that in a closed system where no heat is lost, the total heat exchanged is 0.

This implies that the temperature decreased as the ice transferred heat to the water, leading to its cooling.

Explanation:

To begin:

Q1 = Q representing the heat gained from melting ice.

Q2 = Q denoting the heat lost by the water to melt the ice.

Q1 + Q2 = 0

Given that the ice starts at 0 °C, we must first determine the energy required to completely melt it. If the ice had been at a lower temperature, we would have raised it to 0 °C using the formula:

Q = mass × specific heat × (ΔT)

and then, to perform the state transition by utilizing the latent heat of fusion.

The heat of fusion for water at 0 °C is roughly 334 joules per gram.

Thus, Q = Hf × mass.

Q1 = 334 J/g × 8.32 g = 2778.88 J

For the water, we use:

Q = mass × specific heat × (ΔT)

Q2 = 55g × 4180 J/kg·K (Tfinal - T initial)

Converting 55 g to kg yields 0.055kg to maintain consistent units.

Q2 = 0.055kg × 4180 J/kg·K (Tfinal (unknown) - 25°)

Note that the temperature in degrees Kelvin (K) is the same for specific heat but differentiates as K vs. °C.

25°C = 298K

Q2 = 0.055kg × 4180 J/kg·K (Tfinal - 298K)

The conclusion:

Q1 + Q2 = 0

334 J/g × 8.32 g + 0.055kg × 4180 J/kg·K (Tfinal - 298K)

2778.88 J + 229.9 J/K (Tfinal - 298 K) = 0

2778.88 J + 229.9 J/K × Tfinal - 68510.2 J = 0

229.9 J/K × Tfinal = 68510.2 J - 2778.88 J

Tfinal = 65731.4 J / 229.9 K/J

Tfinal = 285.9 K

Tfinal = 285.9 K - 273K = 12.9 °C

Ethanol, with the formula C2H5OH, is also referred to as Ethyl alcohol.

Explanation:

• The interaction between oil and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is recognized as the Saponification process.

• A combination of ethanol and water yields a fully homogeneous solution, miscible in all proportions.

• We use a mixture of ethanol and water for the Saponification because it prevents the fat from reacting with atmospheric oxygen.

• This mixture is advantageous as it exhibits lower polarity than water, aiding in the dissolution of non-polar fats, thereby facilitating reaction with sodium hydroxide.

Response:

The specific heat of the alloy

Clarification:

Weight of the alloy = 25 gm

Initial temperature = 100°c = 373 K

Weight of the water = 90 gm

Initial temperature of water = 25.32 °c = 298.32 K

Final temperature = 27.18 °c = 300.18 K

Using the energy balance equation,

Heat released by the alloy = Heat absorbed by the water

[[ - ] = ( - )

25 × × ( 373 - 300.18 ) = 90 × 4.2 (300.18 - 298.32)

This gives us the specific heat of the alloy.

Moving on to the second issue

Let's tackle the second question first. Once you grasp that, the first question will be simpler. By the way, this is an excellent question to clarify. The concepts of less than and more than can be quite tricky in the sciences. Every question you encounter that utilizes less or more should be approached with caution.

As altitude increases, air pressure decreases (essential term: less highlight this sentence in color. Take a moment to reflect on it.)

As the pressure declines, less energy (again, key term) is required for water molecules to escape the surface. Thus, the boiling temperature is lower than it would be at sea level.

Answer to problem two: Lower

Problem One

Water reaches its boiling point when the greatest number of molecules can leave the water's surface. Equal to is the right answer.  Although pinpointing the exact answer can be challenging, equal to is indeed the correct response.