Clayton will mix xxx milliliters of a 10\%10%10, percent by mass saline solution with yyy milliliters of a 20\%20%20, percent by

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To tackle this question, we will apply the Henderson-Hasselbach equation and solve for the molar ratio. It’s essential to obtain the pKa value for Acetic Acid, which is listed in reference tables as 4.76:

 



Thus, the mole ratio of CH₃COOH to CH₃COONa is 5.75

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According to the Law, the variation in internal energy (U) of the system is equal to the total of the heat added to the system (q) plus the work performed ON the system (W)
<span>ΔU = q + W </span>

<span>In response to the first question, 0.653 kJ of heat energy is extracted from the system (balloon) while 386 J of work is applied to the balloon, leading to </span>
<span>ΔU = -653J + 386J </span>
<span>=-267J </span>
<span>Thus, the internal energy reduces by 267 J </span>

<span>For the second question, 322 J of heat is supplied to the system (gold bar) while no work is undertaken on the gold bar, marking this as an isochoric/isovolumetric process, thus </span>
<span>ΔU = 322J + 0 </span>
<span>=322J </span>
<span>Hence, internal energy rises by 322 J</span>