The answer is a total of 74,844 calories.
The stronger the attraction between elements, the shorter the bond length becomes; conversely, a weaker attraction results in a longer bond length. This attraction arises from differences in their electronegativities, which is the capacity of an element to draw electrons toward itself. According to periodic trends, electronegativity rises as you move left to right and bottom to top on the periodic table. Therefore, the order from the most electronegative to the least is: Cl > Br > I. As a result, the sequence by bond length from shortest to longest is: C-Cl > C-Br > C-I.
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The mass of hydrogen is 16.0 oz. To convert 16.0 oz of hydrogen into pounds, we utilize the conversion factor 1 lb = 16 oz. Next, we convert pounds to grams using the factors 1 kg = 2.2 lb and 1 kg = 1000 g. The heat of combustion for hydrogen is 142 J/g, and we will calculate the heat produced by combusting 16.0 oz.
First, we need to identify the half-reaction for magnesium. It can be represented as:
Mg2+ + 2e- = Mg
Next, we will determine the overall charge generated during the electrolysis using the information derived from the half-reaction. The calculation follows:
4.50 kg Mg (1000 g / 1 kg) (1 mol / 24.305 g) (2 mol e- / 1 mol Mg) (96500 C / 1 mol e-) = 35733388.2 C
The provided EMF is given in voltage. Since 1 V equals J/C, 5 V translates to 5 J/C.
Therefore, 35733388.2 C (5 J/C) = 178666941 J
Finally, 178666941 J (1 kW-h / 3.6x10^6 J) = 49.63 kW-h
