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Vikentia
2 months ago
6

Los automóviles actuales tienen “parachoques de 5 mi/h (8 km/h)” diseñados para comprimirse y rebotar elásticamente sin ningún d

año físico a rapideces menores a 8 km/h. Si el material de los parachoques se deforma permanentemente después de una compresión de 1.5 cm, pero permanecen como un resorte elástico hasta ese punto, ¿cuál debe ser la constante efectiva de resorte del material del parachoques, suponiendo que el automóvil tiene una masa de 1050 kg y que se prueba chocándolo contra una pared sólida?
Chemistry
1 answer:
KiRa [2.9K]2 months ago
3 0

Response: k = 23045 N/m

Clarification:

To determine the spring constant, one must consider the maximum elastic potential energy that the spring can withstand. The kinetic energy of the vehicle should equal at minimum the elastic potential energy of the spring when it is fully compressed. Hence, we express it as:

K=U\\\\\frac{1}{2}Mv^2=\frac{1}{2}kx^2    (1)

M: mass of the vehicle = 1050 kg

k: spring constant =?

v: car speed = 8 km/h

x: maximum spring compression = 1.5 cm = 0.015m

You need to resolve equation (1) for k. Beforehand, convert the speed v to meters per second:

v=8\frac{km}{h}*\frac{1000m}{1km}*\frac{1h}{3600s}=2.222\frac{m}{s}

k=\frac{Mv^2}{x^2}=\frac{(1050kg)(2.222m/s)^2}{(0.015m)^2}=23045\frac{N}{m}

The spring constant calculates to 23045 N/m

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