Answer:
Explanation:
Diethyl malonate possesses greater acidity compared to monocarbonyl substances (pKa=13) because its alpha hydrogens are linked to two carbonyl groups. Consequently, the malonic ester can be readily changed into its enolate ion by reacting it with sodium ethoxide in ethanol. When the malonic ester undergoes alkylation, a hydrogen atom in the alpha position becomes acidic, permitting another round of alkylation to yield a dialkylated malonic ester.
In this scenario, when diethyl malonate interacts with urea in the presence of sodium ethoxide base, the second alkylation step occurs within the molecule, producing a cyclic compound known as barbituric acid.
The energy needed to vaporize 1.5 kg of aluminum amounts to 16.345 GJ. The heat of vaporization for aluminum is given as ΔHvap = 294000 kJ/mol. The mass of aluminum in this case equals 1.5 kg which converts to 1500 g. We can calculate the number of moles of aluminum using the formula: Mass of aluminum/(Molar Mass of aluminum). The Molar Mass of aluminum stands at 26.98 g/mol. Using this information, Number of moles calculates to 1500/26.98, which equals 55.6 moles. The total energy required can be expressed as the product of the heat of vaporization and the number of moles of aluminum, so the energy required calculates to 294000 × 55.6, resulting in 16345441.0675 kJ or approximately 16.345 GJ.
