Explanation:
The formula illustrating the relationship between resistance and temperature is as follows:
R =
![R_{o} + \alpha [T_{2} - T_{1}]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=R_%7Bo%7D%20%2B%20%5Calpha%20%5BT_%7B2%7D%20-%20T_%7B1%7D%5D)
where, R = final resistance
= initial resistance
= temperature coefficient of resistivity
= final temperature 
= initial temperature
Given data as follows.
R = 36 ohm,
= 3 ohm
= 0.0045
Substituting the provided values into the above formula gives us the following.
R = 
36 =
=
![3 + 0.0045 \times [T_{2} - 293]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=3%20%2B%200.0045%20%5Ctimes%20%5BT_%7B2%7D%20-%20293%5D)
= 7626.33 K
Thus, it can be concluded that
the temperature of the light bulb at 12.0 V is 7626.33 K.
Hypothesis: The liquid will project far.
Independent Variable: Height of the hole.
Dependent Variable: Distance of the squirt.
Constant: All other factors aside from the independent variable, such as the liquid volume.
Control: None that I recognize.
Number of groups: 4
Trials per group: 4
Answer:
31.4 mm²
Explanation:
The ability of a telescope or eye to gather light can be expressed by the formula,

where d signifies the diameter of the pupil.
In bright daylight, the usual size of the pupil is 3 mm.

Conversely, in darkness, the diameter typically enlarges to 7 mm.

This indicates an increase in light-gathering capacity.

Thus, the amount of light the eye can capture is 31.4 mm².
The resulting motion can be determined using the Pythagorean theorem, as the two components (north and east) are at right angles. To find the direction, trigonometry is applied, yielding Ф=arctan(3.8/12)=17.57° north of east.
Response:
(a) 
(b) 
Clarification:
Greetings.
(a) In this case, since the starting volume is 18.5 dm³ and the ending volume is 21 dm³ (18.5 +2.5), we can calculate the work at constant pressure as shown below:

This value is negative as it expands against the given pressure.
(b) Furthermore, if the process is conducted reversibly, the pressure might change, hence, we need to calculate the work using:

The moles are calculated based on the provided mass of argon:

Consequently, the work amounts to:

Best regards.