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erik
11 days ago
6

What is the definition of a reflux? What happens to the solvent during a reflux experiment? What are three characteristics of a

"good" solvent to use for refluxing? You are asked to reflux a solution for one hour. At what point does the reflux time start? What is the temperature of the solution during the reflux? Should you report a melting point as a single number or a range? How are the high and low endpoints of the range determined experimentally during the melting point experiment? What is the relationship between the purity of a compound and its melting point range? Briefly describe how a rotary evaporator works. What is likely to happen if cooling water is not run through the condenser when solvent is vaporized using a rotary evaporator? That is, where is the solvent likely to end up?
Chemistry
1 answer:
alisha [964]11 days ago
4 0

Response:

a. The return of the process fluid after it has been cooled, condensed, or heated in a distillation column or packing.

b. should remain stable at elevated temperatures

   should not generate additional by-products

   should be chemically inert

c. expressed as a range

d. determined by conducting a series of measurements

e. impurities cause substances to melt at lower temperatures.

Explanation:

a. In a reflux system, the condensate is returned to the initial flask or boiler. This keeps the process fluid at a constant temperature without needing more fuel while increasing the molar fraction of the distillate (which enhances product purity).

b. A solvent needs to be stable and should not participate in side reactions that produce unwanted by-products, ideally remaining inert at elevated temperatures.

c. It is advisable to report melting points as a range since various factors influence the melting point in experimental setups.

d. Melting points can be ascertained through a series of graphical measurements.

e. Impurities reduce the melting point of substances.

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What volume of gold would be equal in mass to a piece of copper with a volume of 141 ml? the density of gold is 19.3 g/ml; the d
alisha [964]

We need to calculate the volume of Gold, assuming its mass matches that of copper.

Given information:

Density of Copper = 8.96 g/ml.
Volume of Copper = 141 ml.
Mass of Gold = Mass of Copper.
Density of Gold = 19.3 g/ml.

To find copper's mass, we use the density equation:
Density = mass/volume.

To find mass of copper:
Mass of copper = Density of Copper * Volume of Copper.
Mass of copper = 8.96 g/ml * 141 ml = 1263.36 g.
Thus,
Mass of gold = Mass of copper = 1263.36 g.
Now, using the density formula for gold to get its volume:
Volume of gold = Mass of gold / Density of gold.
Volume of gold = 1263.36 g / 19.3 g/ml = 65.46 mL.

Consequently, the volume of gold required to match the mass of copper is 65.46 mL.

8 0
4 days ago
What mass of ZnCO3 contains 3.11×1022 O atoms
KiRa [982]
Please ask if you have any inquiries.

3 0
2 days ago
Read 2 more answers
A food worker had safely cooled a large pot of soup to 70 F (21 C) with two hours. What temperature must the soup Reach in the f
lorasvet [965]

After four hours of cooling, the soup reached a temperature of 140 F (or) 42 C.

Explanation:

A food worker allowed a cup of soup to cool for two hours,

step 1: The temperature attained in two hours is 70 F (or) 21 C

step 2: Consequently, in four hours, this doubles the value

Therefore, the temperature after four hours is 2(70)= 140 F (or) 2(21)= 42 C

4 0
11 days ago
The reaction between methanol and oxygen gas produces water vapor and carbon dioxide. 2CH3OH(l)+3O2(g)⟶4H2O(g)+2CO2(g) Three sea
Anarel [852]

Answer:

The flask yielding the greatest amount of product is the second flask.

The water molecules produced are X = 8 \ molecules

Explanation:

From the prompt we learn that

The chemical reaction is

2CH3OH(l) + 3O2(g)⟶4H2O(g)+2CO2(g)

The first flask contains 3 molecules of C H 3 O H and 3 molecules of O 2

The second flask has 1 molecule of C H 3 O H and 6 molecules of O 2.

The third flask consists of 4 molecules of C H 3 O H and 2 molecules of O 2.

Analyzing the three flasks, it's evident that the flask producing the most considerable total product is the second one.

According to the balanced equation, 2 moles of C H 3 O H react with 3 moles of oxygen, making O 2 the limiting reagent.

Generally, one mole of any substance is 1 * N_A of that substance.

Here, N_A represents Avogadro's number valued at N_A = 6.02214076 * 10^{23} \ molecules.

As seen in the balanced equation, 3 moles of O 2 (3 * N_A molecules of O 2) yield 4 moles of H2O (4 *

Thus, 6 molecules of O 2 would generate X molecules of H 2 O.

So

X = \frac{6 * (4 * N_A }{3 * N_A}

=> X = 8 \ molecules

6 0
12 days ago
Calculate the sodium ion concentration when 70.0 mL of 3.0 M sodium carbonate is added to 30.0 mL of 1.0 M sodium bicarbonate.
castortr0y [927]

The resolution for this specific case will be as follows:

 

The molecular formulas of the two compounds are: Na2(CO3) and Na(HCO3)

 

<span>3M *.07L =.21mol </span><span>
<span>1M *.03L =.03mol </span></span>

<span>.21mol +.03mol =.45mol Na </span>

Mixing together 30mL and 70mL results in a total volume of 100mL or.1L

Calculating the concentration gives.45mol/.1L = 4.5M

 

Thus, the concentration of sodium ions amounts to 4.5M. I trust this answer meets your needs, and don't hesitate to reach out with more questions if needed.

5 0
9 days ago
Read 2 more answers
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