In the study of physics, Hooke's law can be expressed as:
F = kx
This law indicates that the spring force F is proportional to the extension x, with k being the spring constant.
In experiments, this is often examined using the setup illustrated in the included figure. The spring is tested, and a known weight is applied underneath it. This weight exerts a gravitational pull, essentially its weight, on the spring. While the spring elongates, the displacement can be measured using a ruler.
Several potential errors can arise during this experiment. Firstly, the person's measurement reading may be faulty. Digital scales offer greater accuracy as they reduce human error, while ruler readings can be subjective, especially if not viewed at eye level. Additionally, the object's weight may be inaccurately measured if the scale is untrustworthy. Lastly, the measuring equipment may not be correctly calibrated.
Response:
U = 12,205.5 J
Clarification:
To determine the internal energy of an ideal gas, use the following equation:
(1)
U: internal energy
R: ideal gas constant = 8.135 J(mol.K)
n: number of moles = 10 mol
T: the temperature of the gas = 100K
Substituting the parameter values into equation (1):

The overall internal energy for 10 moles of Oxygen at 100K is 12,205.5 J
Explanation:
The term 'collision' refers to the interaction between two objects. There are two distinct types of collisions: elastic and inelastic.
In this scenario, two identical carts are heading towards each other at the same speed, resulting in a collision. In an inelastic collision, the momentum is conserved before and after the incident, but kinetic energy is lost.
After the event, both objects combine and move together at a single velocity.
The graph representing a perfectly inelastic collision is attached, illustrating that both carts move together at the same speed afterward.