Russ makes the diagram below to organize his notes about how Newton’s first law describes objects at equilibrium.

Answer:

F = 0.535 N

Explanation:

We will apply energy concepts, considering both the peak and the bottom of the path.

Top

   Em₀ = U = mg y

Bottom

    = K = ½ m v²

    Emo =

    mg y = ½ m v²

    v = √ (2gy)

   y = L - L cos θ

  v = √ (2g L (1 - cos θ))

Next, we will employ Newton's second law at the lowest point where the acceleration is centripetal.

     F = ma

     a = v² / r

For the turning radius, the cable length is r = L.

    F = m 2g (1 - cos θ)

Now, let's find the result.

    F = 2  1.25  9.8 (1 - cos 12)

    F = 0.535 N

Answer:

The time required is 20 μs

Explanation:

Here is the data provided:

temperature = 20°C  = 293 K

radius = 1 cm

atomic mass of air = 29 u

To determine

the duration for air to refill the vacuum space

solution:

We calculate the root mean square velocity of air particles. This can be expressed as:

where m indicates mass, t is temperature, v is speed, and R is the ideal gas constant, which is approximately 8.3145 (kg·m²/s²)/K·mol.

v = ............................1

v =

Resulting in v = 501.99 m/s.

time taken =

which gives us:

time taken =

so, time taken = 19.92 × seconds = 20μs.

Thus, the required time is 20 μs.