The force experienced by the electron is 4.0×10⁻¹⁷ N.
Answer:
1. Reactions involving oxidation and reduction along with proton pumping
2. Reactions involving phosphorylation and proton pumping
Explanation:
During oxidative phosphorylation, there is a transfer of electrons from donors to acceptors, which constitutes a redox reaction.
These redox reactions liberate energy that is utilized to produce ATP. In eukaryotic cells, these reactions are performed by protein complexes found in the mitochondria, while in prokaryotic cells, the proteins are positioned in the intermembrane space of the cells. These interconnected protein complexes are referred to as electron transport chains.
