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dimaraw
8 days ago
12

Be sure to answer all parts. Predict the effect of decreasing the temperature on the amounts of reactants in the following react

ions: (a) C2H2(g) + H2O(g) ⇌ CH3CHO(g) ΔH o rxn = −151 kJ The amounts of reactants stay the same. The amounts of reactants decrease. The amounts of reactants increase. (b) CH3CH2OH(l) + O2 (g) ⇌ CH3CO2H(l) + H2O(g) ΔH o rxn = −451 kJ The amounts of reactants stay the same. The amounts of reactants decrease. The amounts of reactants increase. (c) 2 C2H4(g) + O2(g) ⇌ 2 CH3CHO(g) (exothermic) The amounts of reactants stay the same. The amounts of reactants decrease. The amounts of reactants increase. (d) N2O4(g) ⇌ 2 NO2(g) (endothermic) The amounts of reactants decrease. The amounts of reactants stay the same. The amounts of reactants increase.
Chemistry
1 answer:
Anarel [2.6K]8 days ago
3 0
(a) Las cantidades de reactantes disminuyen. (b) Las cantidades de reactantes disminuyen. (c) Las cantidades de reactantes disminuyen. (d) las cantidades de reactantes aumentan. Explicación: El principio de Le Châtelier establece que cuando hay un equilibrio dinámico y este se altera por un factor externo, el equilibrio se moverá en la dirección que pueda cancelar el efecto del factor externo para restablecer el equilibrio. (a) C₂H₂(g) + H₂O(g) ⇌ CH₃CHO(g) ΔH°rxn = − 151 kJ. Dado que ΔH es un valor negativo, la reacción es exotérmica. Así, la reacción puede representarse como: C₂H₂(g) + H₂O(g) ⇌ CH₃CHO(g) + calor. Al disminuir la temperatura, es como reducir la concentración del lado de los productos, lo que desplaza la reacción hacia la derecha (lado de los productos) para alcanzar nuevamente el equilibrio. Por lo tanto, las cantidades de reactantes disminuyen. Así, la opción correcta es: Las cantidades de reactantes disminuyen. (b) CH₃CH₂OH(l) + O₂ (g) ⇌ CH₃CO₂H(l) + H₂O(g) ΔH°rxn = −451 kJ. Dado que ΔH es un valor negativo, la reacción es exotérmica. La reacción se puede representar como: CH₃CH₂OH(l) + O₂(g) ⇌ CH₃CO₂H(l) + H₂O(g) + calor. Al disminuir la temperatura, actúa como disminuir la concentración del lado de los productos y desplaza la reacción hacia la derecha para restablecer el equilibrio, así que la cantidad de reactantes disminuye. Por lo tanto, la respuesta correcta es: Las cantidades de reactantes disminuyen. (c) 2C₂H₄(g) + O₂(g) ⇌ 2CH₃CHO(g) (exotérmica). Dado que esta reacción es exotérmica, puede representarse como: 2C₂H₄(g) + O₂(g) ⇌ 2CH₃CHO(g) + calor. Al disminuir la temperatura, disminuye la concentración del lado de los productos, lo que provoca que la reacción se desplace hacia la derecha y, por lo tanto, las cantidades de reactantes disminuyen. Por lo tanto, la opción correcta es: Las cantidades de reactantes disminuyen. (d) N₂O₄(g) ⇌ 2NO₂(g) (endotérmica). Para la reacción endotérmica puede representarse como: N₂O₄(g) + calor ⇌ 2NO₂(g). Al disminuir la temperatura, es como disminuir la concentración del lado de los reactantes, lo que obliga a la reacción a moverse hacia la izquierda (lado de los reactantes) para restablecer el equilibrio, lo que lleva a un aumento en las cantidades de reactantes. Por lo tanto, la opción correcta es: las cantidades de reactantes aumentan.
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Response: Option A) The lattice energy rises as cations become smaller, as demonstrated by LiF and KF.

Clarification: It has been observed that the lattice energy is largely determined by two primary factors regarding ionic solids:

i) The ionic charges - An increase in the charge of the ions corresponds to an increase in lattice energy.

and

ii) The size or radius of the ions - As the ionic size grows, the lattice energy diminishes accordingly.

Therefore, in this context, the latter factor is evident. Thus, it can be concluded that as cation sizes decrease among ionic solids, the lattice energy increases.

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9 days ago
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Enter the net ionic equation representing solid chromium (iii) hydroxide reacting with nitrous acid. express your answer as a ba
Anarel [2605]

The net ionic equation for the reaction between chromium (III) hydroxide and nitrous acid is:

Cr(OH)₃ (s) + 3H⁺ (aq) ⇒ Cr³⁺ (aq) + 3H₂O (l)

Additional Details

An electrolyte dissociates into ions in solution.

Chemical equations can also be represented with ionic species.

Strong electrolytes (fully ionized) are written as separate ions, whereas weak electrolytes (partially ionized) remain as intact molecules.

In ionic equations, spectator ions are those unchanged by the chemical process—they are present both before and after the reaction.

Removing these spectators results in the net ionic equation.

Gases, solids, and water (H₂O) are written as molecules, without ionization.

Therefore, only dissolved compounds are represented by their ions (aq).

The problem involves chromium (III) hydroxide reacting with nitrous acid.

The reaction occurring is:

Cr(OH)₃ (s) + 3HNO₂ (aq) ⇒ Cr(NO₂)₃ (aq) + 3H₂O (l)

Chromium (III) hydroxide is a solid and remains un-ionized, as does water.

Thus, the ionic equation is:

Cr(OH)₃ (s) + 3H⁺ (aq) + 3NO₂⁻ (aq) ⇒ Cr³⁺ (aq) + 3NO₂⁻ (aq) + 3H₂O (l)

The ion 3NO₂⁻ is a spectator ion; removing it yields the net ionic equation:

Cr(OH)₃ (s) + 3H⁺ (aq) ⇒ Cr³⁺ (aq) + 3H₂O (l)

5 0
1 month ago
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What is the molarity of 200 ml of solution in which 2.0 moles of sodium bromide is dissolved?
eduard [2520]
Molarity is calculated using moles divided by the volume in liters. Convert 200 mL to 0.2 L, then divide 2 moles by 0.2 L.
7 0
28 days ago
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How many moles of chromium(iii) nitrate are produced when chromium reacts with 0.85 moles of lead(iv) nitrate to produce chromiu
Anarel [2605]
The calculation of moles of chromium (III) nitrate produced is done as follows. First, you write the reaction equation: 3 Pb(NO3)2 + 2 Cr = 2 Cr(NO3)3 + 3 Pb. Then, by using the mole ratio from Pb(NO3)2 to Cr(NO3)3, which is 3 to 2, you can find the moles of Cr(NO3)3. Thus, for 0.85 moles of lead (IV) nitrate, it equates to 0.85 x 2 / 3 = 0.57 moles.
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17 days ago
Exactly 3.705kg of substance Y are needed to neutralise 100 moles of HCL aq. What could be substance Y ? A. Mgcl2 and Caco3 B. M
eduard [2520]

Correct answer:

C) Ca(OH)2

Note: The listed options in the question are incorrect. The accurate selections are shown below:

15. A total of 3.705 kg of substance Y is required to neutralize 100 moles of HCl(aq).

What might substance Y be? A Ca B CaO C Ca(OH)2 D CaCO3

Explanation:

A) Ca + 2HCl ---> CaCl2 + H2

Molar mass of Ca = 40 g/mol

The mass of Ca needed to neutralize 100 moles of HCl = 1/2 * 100 * 40 g = 2000g or 2 kg

B) CaO + 2HCl ---> CaCl2 + H2O

Molar mass of CaO = 56.1 g/mol

The mass of CaO needed to neutralize 100 moles of HCl = 1/2 * 100 * 56.1 g = 2805 g or 2.805 kg

C) Ca(OH)2 + 2HCl ---> CaCl2 + 2H2O

Molar mass of Ca(OH)2 = 74.1 g/mol

The mass of Ca(OH)2 necessary to neutralize 100 moles of HCl = 1/2 * 100 * 74.1 g = 3705 g or 3.705 kg

D) CaCO3 + 2HCl ---> CaCl2 + H2O + CO2

Molar mass of CaCO3 = 100 g/mol

The mass of CaCO3 required to neutralize 100 moles of HCl = 1/2 * 100 * 100 = 5000 g or 5.00 kg

Thus, the right choice is C.

5 0
1 month ago
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