To address this problem, Boyle's Law must be applied, which states that the initial and final pressures and volumes are related as follows: Where, P₀ and V₀ represent the initial pressure and volume, while P and V refer to the final pressure and volume. The endpoint pressure in this scenario is atmospheric pressure. Thus, using the given equation, we can find the volume the lungs would occupy at the surface.
The resultant force acting on the shopping cart is 12 N to the right.
This is a scenario related to Newton's Laws. A Free Body Diagram can be utilized to illustrate all the forces acting on the object. There are four forces at play:
- Gravity (g) acting downward.
- Normal force (N) acting upward.
- The force exerted by Sally (Fp) acting to the right.
- Friction force (Ff) acting to the left.
The first two forces (1 and 2) counteract one another as they are equal, while the overall force can be determined by combining forces (3) and (4)

The positive value indicates that the shopping cart is moving towards the right.
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J(r) = Br. We know that the area of a small segment, dA, is represented as 2 π dr. Thus, I = J A and dI = J dA. Plugging in the values gives us dI = B r. 2 π dr which simplifies to dI= 2π Br² dr. Now, integrating the above equation: Given that B= 2.35 x 10⁵ A/m³, with r₁ = 2 mm and r₂ equal to 2 + 0.0115 mm, or 2.0115 mm.
1) The electric potential energy can be defined as the product of the electric potential and the associated charge:

where
q refers to the charge
V denotes the electric potential
In this scenario, the charge on the rod is

, and the potential energy is

, thus we may rearrange the earlier formula to find the electric potential at the tip:

2) Using this same formula, if the charge changes to

, the resulting electric potential will be: