Answer:
The flux across the cube's surface is 
.
Solution:
According to the details provided:
Cube edge length, a = 8.0 cm = 
.
Volume charge density, 
.
Now,
To find the electric flux:
where
= electric flux
= permittivity of vacuum.
The volume charge density for this scenario is described by:
Cube volume, 
.
Thus,
.
The total charge can be derived from equation (2):
.
.
Now, insert the value of 'q' into equation (1):
.
Answer:
1. The force applied by the shelf supporting the book.
Explanation:
The free body diagram for the book is represented as follows:
1 - The weight of the book acting downward
2 - The normal force exerted by the shelf upward on the book.
As the book remains stationary, these two forces balance each other, and in accordance with Newton's Third Law, the reactive force equivalent to gravity is opposite and equal to the weight of the book. This reaction force prevents the book from falling off the shelf.
The formula for range is:
Given values are:
where θ equals 14.1 degrees
Using the equation above,
The calculated range is 66.7 meters.
Therefore, the range is approximately 66.1 meters.
Even if we lack details about the size of the pressure cooker or the altitude of its operation, we can reliably assess the force on the lid based on prior knowledge because, similar to boiling water, the pressure buildup inside the cooker increases in line with the rising temperature.
