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AleksAgata
2 months ago
15

Use a sheet of paper to answer the following question. Take a picture of your answers and attach to this assignment. Predict the

product formed in the nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction between 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and sodium methoxide (NaOCH3). Draw the mechanism of the reaction in (a), showing why the product you have selected is formed.

Chemistry
2 answers:
Tems11 [2.7K]2 months ago
5 0

Response: 1-methoxy-2,4-dinitrobenzene

Rationale:

The nitro groups exhibit a strong electron-withdrawing effect, facilitating nucleophilic substitution reactions where a substituent is replaced by a robust nucleophile like the methoxy group. The reaction's mechanism is illustrated below. The electron-withdrawing nature of the nitro group aids in the formation of the intermediate during the reaction as depicted.

lions [2.9K]2 months ago
4 0

Answer: The product generated is 1-Methoxy-2,4-dinitrobenzene, which readily dissolves in hot methanol, achieving near 95% transparency.

Explanation:

This reaction does not follow the SN1 or SN2 pathways; rather, it exemplifies "Nucleophilic aromatic substitution and a SNAr reaction".

Initially, the nucleophile (CH₃O⁻) approaches as methanol and sodium ethoxide coexist in equilibrium, resulting in the breaking of Pi bonds. The nucleophile attacks the site where chlorine is present, and the displaced electrons move towards the ortho or para-positioned electron-withdrawing group, forming a double bond between carbon and that group. Finally, chlorine is eliminated, and the methoxide does not bond with the electron-withdrawing group due to both being negatively charged.

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A sample of solid sodium hydroxide, weighing 13.20 grams is dissolved in deionized water to make a solution. What volume in mL o
Anarel [2989]

Response:

702 mL

To elaborate:

Given the following:

Mass of sodium hydroxide = 13.20 g

Molarity of H₂SO₄ = 0.235 M

We're tasked with finding the volume of acid necessary to neutralize the sodium hydroxide solution

Step 1: Write the balanced reaction equation

The reaction between H₂SO₄ and NaOH can be summarized as follows:

2NaOH(aq) + H₂SO₄(aq) → Na₂SO₄(aq) + 2H₂O(l)

Step 2: Calculate the moles of NaOH

Moles are calculated by dividing mass by molar mass

The molar mass of NaOH is 40.0 g/mol

Hence;

Number of moles of NaOH = 13.20 g ÷ 40 g/mol

= 0.33 moles of NaOH

Step 3: Determine moles of H₂SO₄ that react

According to the balanced equation, 2 moles of NaOH react with 1 mole of H₂SO₄

Therefore, the ratio giving moles of H₂SO₄ = Moles of NaOH ÷ 2

= 0.33 moles ÷ 2

= 0.165 moles

Step 4: Find the volume of H₂SO₄

Molarity indicates the concentration of the solution in moles per liter

Molarity = Moles ÷ Volume

By rearranging the formula, we find volume = Moles ÷ Molarity

= 0.165 moles ÷ 0.235 M

= 0.702 L

= 702 mL

Thus, the volume of the 0.235 M H₂SO₄ acid solution required equals 702 mL
8 0
2 months ago
what is the net ionic equation with its physical states? (NH4)2CO3(aq)+Ca(ClO4)2(aq)⟶CaCO3(s)+2NH4ClO4(aq)
lions [2927]

Answer: The net ionic equation is CO_3^{2-}(aq)+Ca^{2+}(aq)\rightarrow CaCO_3(s)

Explanation:

A double displacement reaction involves the exchange of ions. Chemicals that dissolve in water are marked with the symbol (aq), while those that do not dissolve and remain solid are shown with (s) after their formulas.

(NH_4)_2CO_3(aq)+Ca(ClO_4)_2(aq)\rightarrow CaCO_3(s)+2NH_4ClO_4(aq)

The ion-based representation of the equation is:

2NH_4^+(aq)+CO_3^{2-}(aq)+Ca^{2+}(aq)+2ClO_4^{-}(aq)\rightarrow CaCO_3(s)+2NH_4^{+}(aq)+2ClO_4^-(aq)

"Spectator ions" are the ions that do not participate in the chemical reaction, appearing on both sides of the equation in ionic form.

Ammonium and chlorate ions are present on both sides; thus, they do not factor into the net ionic equation.

Therefore, the net ionic equation is:

CO_3^{2-}(aq)+Ca^{2+}(aq)\rightarrow CaCO_3(s)

6 0
3 months ago
The two-slit diffraction experiment shows how light can be treated as particles and how light waves carry the statistical inform
alisha [2963]

The double-slit experiment serves as a renowned method to exemplify concepts in quantum mechanics. Specifically, it highlights the idea of wave-particle duality. Employing a light wave shows diffraction and interference, which are typical characteristics of wave behavior. Unexpectedly, using an electron beam produces an interference pattern as well, indicating that electrons can exhibit wave-like properties.


Explanation:

The optical phenomenon would nearly resemble, yet be entirely distinct from, that involved with the exploitation of light. Interference and diffraction are the characteristics distinguishing waves from particles: waves can interfere and disperse, whereas particles cannot.

Light curves around obstacles akin to waves, and this bending results in the single-slit diffraction pattern.

5 0
3 months ago
Read 2 more answers
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